Pyanan

The Marikowan Police Post is located inside the Marikowan Hamlet in Ren’ai Township of Nantou County.

During the Qing period, there were originally four communities: Mklihan, Mkbubul, Mktata, and Mkbabo. However, during the early days of the Japanese occupation, the Government-General in Taiwan sent personnel to the hamlet and demanded the people to hand over firearms. The tribesmen stubbornly resisted, and so police forces were sent to suppress the people as well as burning down the Mklihan community.

In the post-war period, the National Government merged the four tribes into one Cuiluan community (Qalang Bubun). After the completion of the industrial road, some people moved to the roadside to form the Marikowan Hamlet.

The Lishan Hamlet is located on the 82.5 km point on Provincial Highway 7A in Heping District of Taichung City, on the hillside on the south bank of the upper reaches of Dajia River. It is 1,780 meters above sea level.

This hamlet used to be the official Salamao サラマオcommunity that was established by the Government-General in Taiwan when Atayal people from the Kishiai community on the left bank of Dajia River and the Pelumoan ペルモアン community from the right bank of Dajia River were collectively moved here. 

During this period, paddy field farming and non-tropical agriculture was actively introduced. Lishan Hamlet was originally located near the old Nichinan police post until mid-1960 when the Cross-island Highway was opened to traffic and the local residents moved to Songbai Village, a Veterans Village set up by the Retirement Society. Gradually, this area became a little settlement.

The Taibaojiu Police Post is located above Provincial Highway 7A in Heping District of Taichung City, near the Songmao Hamlet, on the flat area of mountain ridge between the Dajia River and the Hehuan River, and is about 2,300 meters above sea level.

This police post was set up by the Government-General in Taiwan during the Japanese occupation, and named it Taibaojiu. Due to the Japanese pronunciation, it was referred to as Tabok, which local residents often used this name to refer to the hamlet. In the post-war period, the police post was moved to the current site next to the highway. Most of this area has been developed into orchards.

Huanshan Hamlet is located in Heping District of Taichung City, at the 61km point on the Provincial Highway 7A and is about 1,600 meters above sea level. The hamlet was established in 1913, when a group of Atayal people migrated here from the Mashitobaon community (マシトバオン社) in Ren’ai Township, Nantou County.  The hamlet got its name from its geological location. As it is surrounded by high mountains such as Nanhu Mountains and Xueshan range, the name “Huanshan” means surrounded by mountains. Its previous name was Shikayau community (シカヤウ社).

During the Japanese occupation, the Governor-General in Taiwan planned to relocate the people from Huanshan hamlet closer to the flat land for the sake of management. However, this plan had failed and so they began to plant non-tropical fruit trees. This continued on into the post-war period. To this day, tribal people still use high-mountain agriculture as a business, but are greatly affected by import competition and traffic interruption.

The current Zhiliang Police Station is located about 3 km north-east on Huanshan in Heping District of Taichung City. It is the former Zhiliangjie Police Post that was set up by the Governor-General in Taiwan on the Pyanan Historic Trail during the Japanese occupation.

This trail was originally the path that Atayal people travel between north and south. However, for the purpose of transportation and management control, the Governor-General has resolutely built roads especially for managing and relocating the Atayal group to other villages (aka Indigene Management Route). Afterwards, the Nitto Research Institute of Domestic Oil Production tried to use the fallen wood roots of the cedar in the Zhilioangjie area to distill turpentine oil. However, due to limited profits, the production was suspended the following year. The present Zhiliang area has been included in the Big Lishan High Mountain Agriculture area.

Siyuan Pass is located on the 45km point of Provincial Highway 7A in Datong Township of Yilan County, 1,948 meters above sea level, near the watershed between Lanyang Stream and Dajia Stream, which is also the lowest saddle point where Nanhu Dashan Mountain Branch and Xueshan Mountain Range meet. It is often foggy and misty.

During the Japanese occupation, the Government-General in Taiwan began to build the Pyanan Historic Trail in 1918 for the purpose of transportation and management control. It stretched from Zhuoshui in the north to Wushe in the south. The total length of the trail is about 120 km. After the war, the National Government built industrial roads and the Central Cross-island Highway, which replaced the Pyanan Historic Trail.

Since the Pyanan saddle was the water source for both Lanyang and the Dajia Stream, the area was named Yingshui Siyuan, which conveys the meaning of "When you drink from the stream, you remember the source". Therefore, the pavilion was set up to commemorate the water source.

Siji Hamlet is located on the 18 km point of Provincial Highway 7A, on the upper reaches of Lanyang Stream in Datong Township of Yilan County, about 1,000 meters above sea level.

The traditional Atayal name for the place is Tayax, and is divided into upper and lower hamlets. After the death of Temuran Kaylo, the ancestor who founded the Manoyuan community in the Qing period, his three sons left the Pyanan community due to their estrangement with the family. They moved to Tayax that had fertile land suitable for farming. Later, the Jialan community, 12 km away from Tayax, was attacked by the Qing army. Hence, to avoid further attacks, the Jialan people decided to move to Tayax, making Tayax a community with a diverse population.

During the Japanese occupation, the Government-General in Taiwan set up a police post here. Seeing that it was like spring all year round with beautiful scenery, the place was named Skikun, which means four seasons in Japanese.

Wushe, located in Ren'ai Township, Nantou County, sits above the terrace on the west bank of the upper Meixi creek at an altitude of 1,148 meters. It is the intersection of three historic trails: Nenggao Traversing Historic Trail, Hehuan Traversing Historic Trail and Pyanan Historic Trail. It is also the hub of the Aiyong Boundary and has been vigorously constructed by the Governor-General in Taiwan, with administrative agencies, trade companies, hotels, and so on.

In the past, Wushe was not inhabited locally. The Zhuo group of the Bunun tribe called it Ish-Tibuo, which means the northern tribe. During the Qing period, the Han people used Hoklo language to transliterate it to Zhiwushe. Later, it got referred to as Wushe. In the post-war period, the National Government established the township office on Yingtai next to Wushe main street. Today, the residents are mostly Han Chinese.